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To pronounce the letters from their makhraj, clearly and distinctly,
without any changes
-
Presence of
 or tanween
-
followed by any letter of the throat
ء ه ح خ ع غ
-
or tanween is pronounced clearly, there is no ghunnah
Examples
The 6 letters of Idghaam are collected in the following word :
ي ر م ل و ن) ﻳَﺮْﻣَﻠُﻮْن)
Two types of Idghaam :
- Without ghunnah
- With ghunnah
Idghaam without ghunnah
It is called the complete idghaam and its determining letters
are
 and
-
Presence of
or tanween
-
followed byOr
-
Or
gets a shaddah
-
ghunnah is not pronounced
-
(this means a complete assimilation where no trace of the
 sound is left)
Examples
Idghaam with ghunnah
It is called the incomplete idghaam, and its four determining letters are collected in the word
ي
م و ن) ﻳَﻣُﻮْن)
-
Presence of or tanween
- followed by any of the following : ي م و ن
- ghunnah is pronounced, 2 counts
-
(this means that some of the
sound will be heard as it is incomplete blending or assimilation)
Examples
NOTE
The rule of idghaam will be applied on a
provided it is the last letter of the word.
If it appears in the middle of a word, then there will be no idghaam
There are only 4 such words in the entire Qur'an to which this rule
applies
NB : Tanween cannot appear in the middle of a word
The changing of a sound from its original makhraj, in this case changing the
or tanween into a
-
Presence of
or tanween
-
followed by
which is vowelled
-
Turn the
into a
sound
- ghunnah is pronounced, 2 counts
The concealment of the
sound
-
Presence of
or tanween
-
followed by any of the 15 remaining letters of the alphabet
- These are
              
-
ghunnah is pronounced, 2 counts
(this ghunnah is slight, not too deep, unlike the idghaam and
 or )
Method for pronouncing Ikhfaa
When an ikhfaa occurs, the makhraj of the
or tanween is ignored and instead it is pronounced at or near the makhraj of the letter of ikhfaa. Therefore, the reader should make his tongue distant from the makhraj of the
and close to the makhraj of the letter of ikhfaa during ghunnah,
ready to pronounce the letter of Ikhfaa.
NOTE
ghunnah can be pronounced as thick or thin depending on whether a
thick or
thin letter follows.
or
tanween followed by thick letter = thick ghunnah
or
tanween followed by thin letter = thin ghunnah
To pronounce the ghunnah thick, the mouth should be positioned as a dome shape,
and then ready to pronounce the thick letter
Example
Click here to view a printable chart depicting the Rules of
Noon
Saakin (نْ) or Tanween
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