Tajweed and Quran Recitation Rules
Letters The Definite Article Letter Hamza Letter 'RA' Letter 'LAAM' Letter 'MEEM' Noon Saakin & Tanween Idghaam Rules of Madd Madd Hamza Madd Sukoon or Shaddah Madd Others Waqf Sifaat Makhaarij Finishing Touches

The Definite Article
Letters
Letter Hamza
Letter 'RA'
Letter 'LAAM'
Letter 'MEEM'
Noon Saakin & Tanween
Idghaam
Rules of Madd
Madd Hamza
Madd Sukoon or Shaddah
Madd Others
Waqf
Sifaat
Makhaarij
Finishing Touches

Madd caused / followed by other things

Madd Sila Madd Badal Madd Ewad Madd Al-Farq Madd Tamkeen
 

Madd Sila

This occurs when the possessive pronoun (shown as when attached to the previous letter), which denotes the 3rd person singular masculine, falls between 2 letters that carry a vowel.

Two types: Major (ﮐﺒﺮى) and Minor (ﺻﻐﺮى)

MAJOR

Requirements :

  • The possessive pronoun 
  • Followed by hamzah () mutaharrik

Effect :

  • Elongate 2, 4 or 5 counts
  • Preferred 4 or 5

Further Notes :

  • Preferred elongation is 4 or 5 to illustrate that it is not the natural madd of just 2 counts
  • Those who have no or little knowledge of the Arabic language may not understand the usage of the possessive pronoun which basically refers to the third person singular masculine. A tiny / will be present to indicate this rule

The presence of a squiggly line indicates that it is preferred that the reader elongates it for more than 2 counts

  • If the carries a dammah (), will be present

 

  • If the carries a kasra (), will be present

Examples

  (Surah:

Verse)

Extract from Verse

  (Surah:

Verse)

Extract from Verse
(104:3)

 

(90:7)

(83:12)

 

(12:54)

MINOR

Requirements :

  • The possessive pronoun
  • Followed by any letter other than hamzah ()

Effect :

  • Elongate 2 counts only

Further Notes :

  • A tiny / will be present , but this time there will be no squiggly line as its elongation is for only 2 counts, which is the same as the natural madd

Examples

  (Surah:

Verse)

Extract from Verse

  Extract from Verse
(92:18)

(92:19)

(100:4)

(100:5)

 

 

EXCEPTIONS TO THE RULE OF MADD SILA

There are 4 instances in the Qur'an where the rules of MADD SILA will not apply.

  1. Surah Al Furqan (25:69)

    Hafs lengthens it even though the letter preceding the 'ha' is saakin, and not mutaharrik

     

     

  2. Surah Zumar (39:7)

    ﴿

    The 'ha' is not elongated, even though it is between 2 letters that are mutaharrik

     

     

  3. Surah Naml (27:28)

    ﴿

    Hafs reads it with a sukoon () on the 'ha'. As it carries a , it would probably be read this way anyway

     

  4. Surah Ash-Shura (26:36)

    ﴿

    Hafs reads it with a sukoon () on the 'ha'. As it carries a , it would probably be read this way anyway

Madd Badal

This Madd follows the same principal as a normal madd; the difference being that the madd letter is a substitute for what was originally a hamzah.

Requirements :

  • It occurs when the letter preceding it is also hamzah

Effect :

  • Elongate 2 counts

Further Notes :

The original form of these words was  but a long vowel replaced the second hamzah for ease in pronunciation.

Examples

إِإْﻣﺎن - (3:193)

أَأْدم

- (2:31)

Madd 'Ewad

An alif which carries 2 fathahs ,is called fathahtain, and is written as اً 

Requirements :

  • This madd occurs when the reader stops on the fathahtain ( )

(For further information on stopping at tanween, refer to 'Rules of Waqf')

Effect :

  • Instead of pronouncing nunnation, the reader stops as though there is a natural madd with a
  • So it is like taking one of the off and being left with 1 fathah and an alif i.e. Natural madd
  • Elongate 2 counts

Further Notes :

  • This applies whether stopping in the middle or end of an ayah
  • However, if the letter is a ta marbutta () , then the rule of madd 'ewad will not apply. Instead, it is pronounced like carrying a , in which case the sifa of hems (continuation of breath) will be applied

E.g

ﺟَﻨَّﺔً

pronounced as

ﺟَﻨَّﻪْ
 
 

Examples

(Surah:

Verse)

Extract from Verse

  (Surah:

Verse)

Extract from Verse
(100:1)

 

(100:2)

 

Click 'here' to view practice exercises for the rules of Madd Ewad

Madd Al-Farq

  • This occurs in only 3 words in the Qur'an, each word appearing in 2 different places as the table below shows
  • Elongate 6 counts

 

(Surah:Verse)  

Extract from Verse

(10:59)

(27:59)

(6:143)

(6:144)

(10:51)

(10:90)

NB It is actually a madd laazim kalimee, yet it is called farq as it differentiates between the word and the question indicator

Madd Tamkeen

Requirements :

  • When there is a carrying a and
  • Followed by 'Yaa' of elongation

Effect :

  • This will tighten the kasra () on the
  • Elongate 2 counts

Examples

(Surah:Verse)

Extract from Verse

(4:86)

(2:61)

� the replaces the 2nd Yaa

Click 'here' to view practice exercises for the rules of Madd Tamkeen

 

Click on the ' Summary Chart for Madd ' link on the right hand sidebar to view a summarised chart for the types and branches of Madd